Actovegin Forte tablets

Pharmacodynamic Properties
Actovegin® is antihypoxant having three types of effects: metabolic, neuroprotective, and microcirculatory. Actovegin® increases the uptake and utilization of oxygen; inositol phospho-oligosaccharides contained in the drug have a positive effect on glucose transport and utilization, which leads to an improvement in the energy metabolism of cells and a decrease in the formation of lactate in the presence of ischemia.

There are several ways under consideration to implement the neuroprotective mechanism of the drug.

Actovegin® prevents the development of apoptosis induced by beta-amyloid peptide (AP25-35).

Actovegin modulates the activity of the nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-kB), which plays an important role in the regulation of apoptosis and inflammation in the central and peripheral nervous system.

Another mechanism of action is associated with a nuclear enzyme Poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP). PARP plays an important role in identifying damages and repairing single-stranded DNA, but over-activation of the enzyme can trigger cell death processes in such conditions as cerebrovascular diseases and diabetic polyneuropathy. Actovegin® inhibits PARP activity, resulting in a functional and morphological improvement of the central and peripheral nervous system.

Positive effects of Actovegin®, affecting microcirculation and endothelium, are an increase in capillary blood flow rate, a decrease in the pericapillary space, a decrease in myogenic tone of precapillary arterioles and capillary sphincters, reduction of the degree of arteri-venous shunt blood flow with preferential blood circulation in the capillary bed and stimulation of the function of endothelial synthase nitric oxide, affecting the microvasculature.

Various studies have found that the effect of Actovegin® occurs no later than 30 minutes after its administration. The maximum effect is noted 3 hours after parenteral and 2-6 hours after oral administration.